Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or the vestibular nerve, which connects the inner ear to the brain. This condition can be disorienting and debilitating, leading to difficulties in balance and coordination. Common causes of vertigo include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, Meniere's disease, and inner ear infections. Symptoms of vertigo can include dizziness, a feeling of spinning or swaying, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty with balance and walking.

Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause. For BPPV, specific head and body movements known as the Epley maneuver can help reposition displaced ear crystals causing the dizziness. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is often recommended to help patients improve balance and reduce dizziness through specialized exercises. Medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms of nausea and motion sickness.

Managing vertigo involves addressing any underlying conditions, such as ear infections or inflammation, and making lifestyle adjustments to reduce the frequency and severity of episodes. Avoiding rapid changes in head position, staying hydrated, and managing stress can also help control vertigo symptoms. With proper diagnosis and treatment, many people with vertigo can find relief and maintain their quality of life.