Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves. This autoimmune response leads to inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath, the protective covering of the nerves, resulting in muscle weakness, numbness, and, in severe cases, paralysis. GBS typically begins with tingling and weakness in the extremities, which can rapidly progress to more severe symptoms, sometimes affecting breathing and requiring medical intervention.

The exact cause of GBS is unknown, but it often follows an infection, such as a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection. Treatment for GBS focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the body's recovery process. Common treatments include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy and plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) to reduce the immune system's attack on the nervous system. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation are crucial for helping patients regain strength and mobility as the nervous system heals. Recovery from GBS can vary, with some individuals experiencing a full recovery and others having lingering effects. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications.